The Indo-Pak War of 1947–48, also known as the First Kashmir War, marked the first armed conflict between India and Pakistan after their independence. The war was fought over the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir, following its accession to India amidst tribal invasions supported by Pakistan. The war highlighted the strategic significance of the region, leading to a stalemate that shaped the geopolitical dynamics of South Asia. Visitors to this region can explore its historical battlefields and pay homage to the bravery of Indian soldiers who defended the state against aggression.
Note: Since few regions in Jammu & Kashmir are situated at an altitude more than 9000 feet above sea level, tourists are advised to follow the acclimatization process. Please refer to the PDF attached in the important links section.
The Indo-Pak War of 1947-48 stemmed from the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir's uncertain stance following the partition. Tribal militias supported by Pakistan invaded the region in October 1947, intending to seige control of the territory. The invasion forced the Maharaja to seek India’s military assistance. In exchange, he signed the Instrument of Accession on October 26, 1947, legally integrating Jammu and Kashmir into India.
The conflict escalated as Indian forces were airlifted to Srinagar to repel the invading forces. Fierce battles ensued in strategic areas such as Baramulla, Uri, Naushera, and Poonch. The war saw numerous acts of heroism, including gallant action by Major Somnath Sharma during the Battle of Budgam. While Indian forces successfully defended key regions, the war stretched across rugged terrains and harsh weather, complicating military operations. Pakistan's backing of tribal militias soon turned into direct military involvement, further intensifying the conflict. The war continued sporadically for over a year as Indian forces launched counter-offensives to reclaim lost territory and secure the state's borders.
The war officially ended with a United Nations-brokered ceasefire that came into effect on January 1, 1949. The ceasefire agreement established the Line of Control (LoC), dividing Jammu and Kashmir between India and Pakistan. The ceasefire, however, did not resolve the broader Kashmir dispute, leaving it as a lingering point of contention between the two nations. The war marked the beginning of a protracted conflict over Kashmir, with lasting implications for Indo-Pak relations.
Indian forces displayed exemplary dedication in defending Jammu and Kashmir against the 1947-48 Indo-Pakistan War. In recognition of their valour, three Param Vir Chakras (PVCs) and numerous gallantry awards were given.
1947-48: Route 1 Jammu to Tithwal
Jammu → Rajouri → Budgam→ Baramulla → Tithwal
1947-48: Route 2 Jammu to Uri
Jammu → Mendhar→ Poonch → Srinagar→ Uri
